Changing nature of anal cancer.

Changing nature of anal cancer.

Anal cancer is rare, accounting for about 2% of all anorectal cancers or 300 cases a year in Britain.' Epidemiological studies from the United States have highlighted the striking association of syphilis and anal warts with anal cancer in unmarried men.23 Gonorrhoea, syphilis, and anal warts are more common in homosexual than heterosexual men,4 and carcinoma in situ may develop in the anal wart...

Changing Nature of Warfare

The Changing Nature of Electrotherapy

A simple, but effective clinical decision making model (represented in the diagram right) can be utilised. All electrotherapy modalities (with the exception of biofeedback) involve the introduction of some physical energy into the system. This energy brings about one or more physiological changes, which are used for therapeutic benefit. Clinically, it is probably more useful to work the model i...

Incidence of Anal Cancer

human papillomavirus (hpv) is the most prevalent sexually transmitted infection. It is more common than herpes and chlamydia and it has been estimated that more than 75% of sexually active adolescents and adults between the ages of 15 and 49 will acquire at least one type of hpv infection. The infection is practically guaranteed in people with more than five sex partners in their lifetime. More...

Measuring the changing state of nature

Most attempts to quantify the impact of humanity on nature and bring it to public attention have centred around estimates of extinction rates. Suggestions that these figures have been exaggerated are, in our view, misplaced, but extinction rate estimates do face other problems – inevitable uncertainty, an arguably weak link to economic value, and insensitivity to short-term change. We therefore...